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Glossary

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Accident Report
An Accident Report documents details of an incident, useful for claims and legal cases.
Acquittal
An acquittal is a legal judgment declaring someone not guilty of the charged offense.
Adjournment
An adjournment is a delay or postponement of court proceedings to a later date.
Adjudication
Adjudication is the legal process by which a judge resolves a dispute between parties.
Adjuster
An adjuster assesses insurance claims to determine the payout amount for losses or damages.
Administrative Law
Administrative law regulates government agencies’ operations, focusing on rules and regulations.
Affidavit
An affidavit is a written statement made under oath, used as evidence in legal matters.
Aggressive Driving
Aggressive driving involves unsafe behaviors on the road that can lead to accidents.
Airbag Deployment
Airbag deployment in a crash can cause injuries, impacting personal injury claims.
Alibi
An alibi is a defense claim that the defendant was elsewhere when the alleged crime occurred.
Allegation
An allegation is a claim of wrongdoing that has yet to be proven in a court of law.
Allocation
Allocation involves the distribution or assignment of legal responsibilities or funds.
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) provides methods like mediation and arbitration to resolve conflicts outside of court.
Amendment
An amendment is a formal change or addition to a legal document or legislation.
Amicus Curiae
Amicus Curiae refers to someone not a party to a case who offers information to assist the court.
Appeal
An appeal is a request for a higher court to review a lower court’s decision.
Appeals Court
An appeals court reviews lower court decisions, often addressing legal errors or interpretations.
Appellant
The appellant is the party who files an appeal, seeking a review of a lower court’s ruling.
Application
A legal application is a formal request to a court for a specific ruling or order.
Arbitration
Arbitration is a private dispute resolution method where an arbitrator makes a binding decision.
Arbitrator
An arbitrator is a neutral third party who resolves disputes outside of court.
Assault
Assault is the act of intentionally causing another person to fear imminent harm.
Assumption of Liability
Assumption of liability means taking on responsibility for potential losses or damages.
Assumption of Risk
Assumption of risk involves accepting the potential for harm in certain activities.
At-Fault
At-fault indicates responsibility for causing an accident, affecting liability and claims.
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Back Injury
A back injury in an accident may lead to claims for medical expenses and pain and suffering.
Bail
Bail is the release of a defendant from custody, often requiring a financial guarantee.
Bailiff
A bailiff maintains order in courtrooms and assists in enforcing court orders.
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal process for individuals or businesses unable to repay debts.
Barrister
A barrister is a lawyer specializing in courtroom advocacy and legal advice in court.
Battery
Battery involves intentional physical contact with another person without consent.
Bench Trial
A bench trial is a trial conducted solely by a judge, without a jury present.
Beneficiary
A beneficiary is someone named to receive assets or benefits in a will or trust.
Bequest
A bequest is a gift left to someone through a will, typically involving assets or money.
Bodily Injury
Bodily injury refers to physical harm to a person, often a key factor in personal injury cases.
Brain Injury
A brain injury involves damage to the brain that may lead to significant legal claims.
Breach of Contract
A breach of contract occurs when one party fails to fulfill their obligations under a contract.
Breach of Duty
Breach of duty means failing to uphold a standard of care, often leading to negligence claims.
Breach of Trust
Breach of trust occurs when someone violates their fiduciary duty, harming beneficiaries.
Brief
A brief is a written argument presented to a court outlining legal points and authorities.
Broken Bones
Broken bones from accidents can lead to claims for compensation for medical costs.
Burden of Proof
Burden of proof determines which party must prove their claims in a legal case.
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Capital Punishment
Capital punishment refers to the death penalty, a state-imposed sentence for serious crimes.
Case Law
Case law is established by judicial decisions that serve as precedents in legal matters.
Case Management
Case management involves the organization and tracking of legal cases by a court.
Catastrophic Injury
Catastrophic injury causes severe, long-term damage, impacting quality of life and legal claims.
Causation
Causation is proving that one party’s actions directly caused harm to another.
Cause of Action
A cause of action is the legal reason for filing a lawsuit, like breach of contract.
Certiorari
Certiorari is a court order to review a lower court’s decision, often issued by higher courts.
Chambers
Chambers are the private offices or rooms used by judges to conduct business.
Chiropractic Care
Chiropractic care is a treatment for injuries, often claimed in personal injury cases.
Citation
A citation references legal sources, such as cases or statutes, in legal documents.
Civil Law
Civil law deals with private disputes between individuals or organizations, unlike criminal law.
Civil Procedure Rules (CPR)
CPR provides guidelines for conducting civil cases, ensuring fairness and efficiency.
Civil Rights
Civil rights protect individuals’ freedoms from infringement by governments and private entities.
Claim Notification Form (CNF)
A CNF is used to notify insurers or parties about a personal injury claim.
Claimant
The claimant is the party who brings a lawsuit against another party in a legal dispute.
Claims Portal
A claims portal is an online system for managing and submitting personal injury claims.
Class Action
A class action is a lawsuit filed by one or more individuals on behalf of a larger group.
Class Certification
Class certification is a court’s approval allowing a lawsuit to proceed as a class action.
Codicil
A codicil is an amendment to a will, used to make changes without rewriting the entire document.
Collateral
Collateral is an asset pledged to secure a loan, subject to seizure if the loan defaults.
Collision Coverage
Collision coverage is insurance that pays for vehicle repairs after an accident.
Common Carrier
A common carrier transports goods or people, with legal obligations to ensure safety.
Common Law
Common law is based on judicial decisions and precedents, distinct from statutory law.
Comparative Negligence
Comparative negligence allocates fault between parties based on their contribution to an accident.
Compensation
Compensation refers to monetary damages awarded to a plaintiff for losses suffered.
Compensation Recovery Unit (CRU)
The CRU recovers state benefits paid due to injury, from compensations awarded to the injured.
Compensatory Damages
Compensatory damages reimburse for actual losses, such as medical expenses and lost wages.
Complaint
A complaint initiates a lawsuit by outlining the plaintiff’s claims and basis for relief.
Compulsory Process
Compulsory process grants defendants the right to obtain witnesses and evidence in their favor.
Concussion
A concussion is a brain injury, often the basis for personal injury claims following accidents.
Conditional Fee Agreement (CFA)
A CFA allows a lawyer to take a case with payment dependent on winning, also known as “no win, no fee.”
Conference
A legal conference is a meeting to discuss case details and plan strategies between parties.
Consequential Damages
Consequential damages cover indirect losses, such as lost profits, caused by a breach.
Contempt of Court
Contempt of court is disobeying or disrespecting court orders, punishable by fines or jail time.
Contingency Fee
A contingency fee is a lawyer’s fee, paid only if the case is won, usually a percentage of damages.
Continuance
A continuance is a delay or postponement of a court proceeding to a later date.
Contract
A contract is a legally binding agreement between parties with specific terms and conditions.
Contributory Negligence
Contributory negligence is when a plaintiff’s own negligence contributes to their injury.
Conveyance
Conveyance is the legal process of transferring property from one owner to another.
Conveyancing
Conveyancing involves the legal transfer of property ownership from one person to another.
Corpus
Corpus refers to the principal amount or main body of an estate or trust.
Costs
Legal costs are expenses incurred in a lawsuit, which may be recoverable by the winning party.
Counsel
Legal counsel refers to an attorney or lawyer providing advice and representation.
Counter schedule
A counter schedule details the defendant’s version of financial losses in a personal injury case.
Counterclaim
A counterclaim is a claim made by a defendant against the plaintiff in response to the original lawsuit.
County Court
A county court handles civil cases, including small claims and family matters.
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Small claims
Small claims court handles minor legal disputes involving limited monetary amounts.
Sovereign Immunity
Sovereign immunity protects governments from being sued without their consent.
Special Damages
Special damages cover specific financial losses, like medical expenses and property damage.
Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal cord injuries often lead to claims for extensive medical treatment and rehabilitation.
Statement of truth
A statement of truth is a declaration affirming the accuracy of a document’s contents.
Statements of case
Statements of case outline the key facts and legal arguments in a lawsuit.
Statute
A statute is a written law enacted by a legislative body, governing legal matters.
Statute of Limitations
Statute of limitations sets the maximum time after an event to initiate legal proceedings.
Statutory Damages
Statutory damages are pre-determined amounts set by law for specific violations.
Stipulation
A stipulation is an agreement between parties on specific facts or issues, simplifying the trial.
Strict Liability
Strict liability holds someone responsible for damages without proof of negligence or fault.
Subpoena
A subpoena is a court order requiring someone to testify or produce evidence in court.
Subrogation
Subrogation allows an insurer to recover costs from the at-fault party after paying a claim.
Subrogation Rights
Subrogation rights allow insurers to pursue third parties to recover payments made on claims.
Substantive Law
Substantive law defines rights and duties, as opposed to procedural law, which sets out legal processes.
Summary Judgment
Summary judgment is a court decision without a full trial, based on the facts being undisputed.
Summary Offense
A summary offense is a minor legal violation, often resolved without a jury trial.
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority, reviewing significant legal cases.
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